OUR RAFINERY PRODUCTS

Bitumen is a viscous, dark-colored substance that occurs naturally or is produced from petroleum sources. It is primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms and contains organic compounds. Often referred to as asphalt, bitumen is widely used in construction, road making, and waterproofing applications.

1. Road Construction:
   • Used in the production of asphalt, which is commonly used for the construction and repair of roads.

1. Waterproofing:
   • Used in roofs, foundations, and other structures requiring water resistance.

1. Construction and Building:
   • Used as a roofing material and for providing durability in various building components.

1. Petroleum Products:
   • It can be a byproduct in petroleum refining.

Diesel oil 10 ppm refers to diesel fuel with a sulfur content of 10 parts per million (ppm). This indicates a low sulfur content in the fuel.

1. Low Sulfur Content:
   • 10 ppm sulfur means there are 10 sulfur particles for every one million particles of diesel fuel. This type of fuel reduces emissions and is more environmentally friendly.

1. Environmental Friendly:
   • Low sulfur content helps in reducing carbon emissions and air pollution, making it better for the environment. It supports modern engine technologies that focus on reducing pollution.

1. Improved Engine Performance:
   • Diesel with low sulfur content leads to cleaner combustion, reduces deposits in the engine, and improves overall engine efficiency.

• Vehicles and Engines: Low sulfur diesel fuel is required for modern diesel engines and eco-friendly vehicles.
• Environmental Regulations: Many countries encourage the use of low sulfur diesel to comply with environmental standards aimed at reducing air pollution.

This type of fuel is commonly used to meet Euro 5 and Euro 6 emission standards in engines.

Fuel oil is a liquid fuel derived from petroleum or natural gas sources, used for energy production. It comes in different types, such as heavy fuel oil and light fuel oil, with varying applications based on their properties.

• Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO):
  • A dense, high-viscosity fuel primarily used in large power plants, ship engines, and industrial heating systems.
• Light Fuel Oil:
  • A lower viscosity, easier-to-burn fuel used for heating systems and commercial engines.

1. Electricity Generation:
   • Used as an energy source for power plants to generate electricity.

1. Industrial Use:
   • Commonly used in industrial furnaces and fuel-powered machinery.

1. Transportation and Shipping Industry:
   • Used in ship engines and heavy transport machinery.

1. Heating:
   • Used in building heating systems and commercial heating applications.

In the petrochemical industry, MEG stands for Monoethylene Glycol. It is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide with water.

1. Plastics and Polyester Production:
   • A key raw material in the production of polyester fiber, film, and PET bottles.

1. Antifreeze and Coolants:
   • Used in automotive and industrial cooling systems as an antifreeze agent.

1. Industrial Applications:
   • Acts as a desiccant and is used in the natural gas industry to prevent gas hydrate formation.

1. Paints, Inks, and Cosmetics:
   • Functions as a solvent and moisture regulator in various industries.

MEG is a crucial component in polyester and plastic production and holds significant commercial importance in the petrochemical sector.

DEG stands for Diethylene Glycol, a chemical compound similar to MEG (Monoethylene Glycol) and widely used in the petrochemical industry.

1. Plastics and Resin Production:
   • Used in the production of polyester resins, plasticizers, and unsaturated polyester.

1. Solvent and Humectant:
   • Acts as a solvent in industries such as tobacco, ink, paint, and cosmetics.

1. Cooling and Antifreeze:
   • Found in antifreeze and cooling systems, though less common than MEG.

1. Gas Hydrate Prevention:
   • Used in the natural gas industry to absorb water and prevent gas hydrate formation.

Caution: DEG is toxic and poses serious health risks if ingested. It should never be used in food or beverage products.

Methanol (CH₃OH) is the simplest type of alcohol. It is a colorless, flammable, and light liquid. It is also known as wood alcohol because it was historically produced by the distillation of wood.

1. Fuel and Energy Sector:
   • Used in biodiesel production and as an alternative fuel.
   • Commonly used as a motor fuel and marine fuel.

1. Chemical Industry:
   • A key raw material in the production of formaldehyde, acetic acid, and plastics.

1. Solvent and Antifreeze:
   • Used as an industrial solvent and in windshield washer fluids.

1. Natural Gas and Petrochemicals:
   • Produced from natural gas and used in various chemical syntheses.

Urea (CO(NH₂)₂) is the most commonly used nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture. It is produced in two different forms:

• Larger and harder particles.
• Slower dissolution rate, providing long-term nitrogen release in agricultural applications.
• More suitable for mechanical fertilizer spreaders.
• Also preferred in industrial applications.

• Smaller, round, and softer granules.
• Dissolves quickly, making it ideal for liquid fertilizer production and industrial use.
• Suitable for small-scale agricultural applications.
• Widely used in the chemical industry.

Both types contain 46% nitrogen and are essential for increasing crop productivity. However, granular urea is more durable, while prilled urea dissolves faster.

LAB (Linear Alkylbenzene) is a chemical widely used in the petrochemical industry.

1. Detergent Production:
   • LAB is the primary raw material for producing LAS (Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate).
   • LAS is preferred in detergent production because it is biodegradable and environmentally friendly.

1. Industrial Cleaning Products:
   • LAB is used as an active ingredient in liquid and powder cleaning products.

1. Lubricants and Plastics Industry:
   • Found in industrial lubricants and plastic additives.

1. Electrical Insulation:
   • Can be used in transformer oils for insulation purposes.

LAB is one of the most important raw materials in the detergent industry and, due to its biodegradable structure, is less harmful to the environment compared to phosphate-based cleaners.

Caustic soda, chemically known as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is a strong alkaline compound. It is a white, water-soluble substance with highly corrosive properties. It is commonly referred to as lye as well.

1. Cleaning and Industrial Applications:
   • Used as a cleaning agent, particularly effective in dissolving oils, grease, and dirt.

1. Chemical Industry:
   • A key component in the production of soap and detergents. It is also used in various chemical reactions and synthesis processes.

1. Pulp and Paper Production:
   • Used in the paper industry and pulp production to break the bonds between lignin and cellulose.

1. Petrochemical and Mining Industries:
   • Applied in petroleum refining and mining operations.

1. Water Treatment:
   • Used as a pH regulator in water treatment processes.

Acetic acid (chemical formula CH₃COOH) is an organic acid and the simplest form of acetic acid. It is the main component found in vinegar, giving it its acidic taste. It is a colorless liquid with a sharp odor.

1. Food and Beverage Industry:
   • Used in the production of vinegar. It also acts as a food preservative.

1. Chemical Industry:
   • A key compound in the production of acetate esters and other chemicals. For example, it is used to make acetate plastics, paints, and solvents.

1. Cleaning Products:
   • Used in household cleaning products due to its acidic properties, effective in dissolving grease and disinfecting.

1. Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Products:
   • Used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetic products, such as some disinfectants and skincare products.

1. Industrial Applications:
   • Acetic acid is used in various processes in the textile, plastics, and rubber industries.

Paraffin and wax are substances derived from petroleum or natural sources but are used in different forms.

• Solid paraffin: Used in candle making and insulation.
• Liquid paraffin: Used in skincare products and medical applications (mineral oil).

• Vegetable wax: Such as soy and palm wax.
• Animal wax: Such as beeswax.
• Mineral wax: Such as paraffin wax.

• Paraffin: Skincare, massage therapy, insulation.
• Wax: Candle making, skincare, surface protection.

Differences: Paraffin is typically more processed and petrochemical-based, while wax can be derived from plant, animal, or mineral sources.

Sulfuric acid (chemical formula H₂SO₄) is a strong inorganic acid. It is a colorless, odorless liquid with highly corrosive properties. It is commonly produced by the oxidation of sulfur (sulfur compounds) and is one of the most widely used acids in the world.

1. Chemical Industry:
   • Used in the production of fertilizers (especially ammonium sulfate and superphosphate).
   • Used in petroleum refining and petrochemical processes.

1. Metal Processing:
   • Used for cleaning metals, such as in the processing of stainless steel and other metals.

1. Battery Production:
   • Commonly used in the production of lead-acid batteries.

1. Water Treatment:
   • Used for pH regulation and making water more acidic.

1. Food and Pharmaceutical Industry:
   • Used as an acidic preservative and in certain chemical reactions.